These OCN practice questions target pathology — including HBV, HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma. The complete OCN deck holds 1050 flashcards, 170 of them dedicated to this topic. Study the free samples below, then unlock the whole collection for a one-time $7.
170
Cards on this topic
1050
Total OCN cards
$7
Full access
Which HPV types are most strongly associated with the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and oropharyngeal cancers, and what is the primary mechanism of cellular transformation?
Show answer →HPV-16 and HPV-18 are the primary high-risk types. Mechanism: Integration of viral DNA into the host genome leads to overexpression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins. E6 binds to and degrades p53 (tumor suppressor), while E7 binds to and inactivates the Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. This dual inhibition removes cell cycle checkpoints, leading to uncontrolled proliferation and genomic instability. Exam Tip: ONCC often tests the specific roles of E6/E7 in relation to p53/Rb.
A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Compared to HPV-negative head and neck cancers, what are the typical clinical characteristics and prognosis for this patient?
Show answer →HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers (primarily HPV-16) usually occur in younger patients, often without traditional risk factors like heavy tobacco or alcohol use. They typically present at a more advanced TNM stage (often with cystic lymph nodes) but have a significantly better prognosis and higher sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy than HPV-negative cases. Strategy: Distinguish between the traditional smoker/drinker profile and the modern HPV-related profile.
According to the 2026 ACIP/CDC guidelines, what is the recommended HPV vaccination schedule for an immunocompromised adult (e.g., HIV-positive) who has not previously been vaccinated?
Show answer →Immunocompromised individuals (including those with HIV, transplant recipients, or those on immunosuppressive therapy) should receive a 3-dose series (0, 1-2, and 6 months) regardless of the age at initial vaccination. This differs from the 2-dose series allowed for healthy children starting before age 15. Catch-up vaccination is recommended through age 26, and shared clinical decision-making is used for adults 27-45. Note: Gardasil 9 is the current standard.
What is the primary pathophysiological pathway through which chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection leads to the development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)?
Show answer →HBV causes HCC through both indirect and direct mechanisms. Indirect: Chronic inflammation leads to cycles of hepatocyte death and regeneration (cirrhosis). Direct: Integration of HBV DNA into the host genome causes insertional mutagenesis and genomic instability. The HBx protein plays a critical role by interfering with DNA repair, transactivating cellular growth genes, and inhibiting apoptosis. Unlike HCV, HBV can cause HCC in the absence of cirrhosis.
A nurse is educating a patient on the Heplisav-B vaccine. How does this vaccine differ from traditional HBV vaccines (e.g., Engerix-B) in terms of schedule and components?
Show answer →Heplisav-B is a 2-dose series (administered 1 month apart), whereas traditional vaccines like Engerix-B or Recombivax HB require 3 doses over 6 months. Heplisav-B uses a yeast-derived recombinant surface antigen combined with a TLR9 agonist adjuvant (CpG 1018), which enhances the immune response, especially in older adults or those with diabetes. Strategy: Recognition of the 2-dose vs 3-dose schedule is a common exam point for adult oncology nurses.
Keep going
You just saw a few. The full deck covers every OCN topic.
One-time payment · less than 1¢ per card · 30-day money-back guarantee
Try 30 free OCN cards firstThe full OCN deck contains 1050 flashcards, and 170 of them focus on pathology. This page shows 5 free samples.
Our OCN deck dedicates 170 of 1050 cards (16%) to pathology — always cross-check the official ONCC exam outline for the current blueprint weighting.
Yes — the samples on this page are free, and the OCN preview page has 30 more free cards. Full access to all 1050 cards is a one-time $7.
Assessment
60 cards
Basics
140 cards
Diagnostics
50 cards
Management
420 cards
Pharmacology
120 cards
Procedures
50 cards
OCN practice test
20 mixed questions across every topic, with answers — see where you stand →
OCN study guide
Topic weights, difficulty breakdown and a 5-step study plan →
Eligibility rules, fees, question counts and passing standards are set by the certifying body and change over time. Always confirm them at the source before you apply or schedule your exam — our flashcards are practice material, not the official handbook.